Update 09/04: I've fixed all errors in the fishing spots. They're now in sync with the information on wiki.
There are three missing spots in the overall spots: One near Koseki Village in Seirai Island, and two in Watasumi Island.
Intro
Genshin Impact 2.1 arrives with a new "Fishing" feature. From it, you can get items and weapons that will help your journey in Teyvat. The most anticipated item in Genshin Impact 2.1 is the brand new Polearm, "The Catch". This Polearm is the best F2P weapon for Raiden Shogun and is also handy for other Polearm characters. To buy "The Catch", you need to find "Kujirai Momiji" near Inazuma City.

To unlock the Fishing minigame, you have to finish the "Exploding Population" quest in Mondstadt. This quest can be triggered by talking to Mondstadt Katheryne.
How to get The Catch in Genshin Impact
The Catch (stylized as "The Catch") is the brand new Polearm released in Genshin Impact 2.1. This Polearm can be obtained by exchanging:
• 6 x Raimei Angelfish
• 20 x Golden Koi
• 20 x Rusty Koi
"The Catch" can be exchanged only once.
Remember, Raimei Angelfish requires "False Worm Bait" whereas the Kois require "Fake Fly" baits. You can buy blueprint for these baits from Nantuck, the fishing guy in Mondstadt. The blueprints costs you 6 x Medaka fishes in total.

How to Refine "The Catch" in Genshin Impact
To refine "The Catch", you need the item "Ako's Sake Vessel". This item can be obtained by exchanging:
• 3 x Raimei Angelfish
• 10 x Pufferfish
• 10 x Bitter Pufferfish

Raimei Angelfish Locations
To get Raimei Angelfish, you have to go to the shipwreck east of Tatarasuna.

There, you will find 2 Cryo Slimes you need to defeat. Afterward, there'll also be an Electro Abyss Mage. The Electro Abyss Mage is floating in the place where you'll be fishing the Raimei Angelfish.

Raimei Angelfish appears at night (9pm works), so you might have to change your time. They're also quite hard to catch, so be patient!
Golden Koi and Rusty Koi Locations
1. Seirai Island

2. West of Wangshu Inn
3. Southeast of Wangshu Inn
4. Luhua Pool

5. Stormɓearer Mountains (Golden Koi), East of Mondstadt City (Rusty Koi)

Pufferfish and Bitter Pufferfish Locations
1. Stonegate

2. Springvale

3. Ritou City

Insight from xanxusgrim:
There are 2 time intervals (in-game) for each spot:
1. 6:00 - 18:00
2. 18:00 - 6:00
Switch to night time after the day time fishes are gone, and vice versa. More fishes will spawn this way.
Pufferfish Locations
1. Stonegate
2. Springvale
3. Liyue Harbour

4. Seirai Island

Bitter Pufferfish Locations
1. Stonegate
2. Springvale
3. Nazuchi Beach

4. Qingce Village

Other Fishing Spot Location

Credit to NotErwin for the fishing spot edits! Go check out his GenshinUtils Bot while you're here~
(I was going to make these myself but his is prettier!)
Fish Baits




